Cybersecurity in IT and OT: What Every Company Should Know

In today's world, where technology is the engine of business operations, cybersecurity has become a critical priority. However, not all cybersecurity solutions are the same. When we talk about IT (Information Technology) and OT (Operational Technology), it is essential to understand that these are environments with very different needs, which require specific approaches adapted to their reality.

What is IT and what is OT?

IT refers to systems that handle data, such as corporate networks, servers, databases, email, and business applications. Its main objective is the safe, efficient and accessible flow of information.

OT, on the other hand, is related to systems that control physical processes in industrial environments. We are talking about sensors, PLCs, SCADAs, controllers and other devices that monitor or automate the operation of production plants, refineries, energy or water systems, among others.

Cybersecurity in IT vs OT: two worlds, two logics

IT cybersecurity solutions are designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data. This involves tools such as firewalls, antivirus, intrusion detection systems, access control and vulnerability management. In this world, constant patches and updates are the norm.

At OT, the priority is different: business continuity and physical security are the most important. OT systems were often designed decades ago without considering cyber threats, so it's not always feasible to apply the same protection techniques as in IT. For example, an automatic update could interrupt a critical industrial process, causing losses or even risks for personnel.

Key Differences Between IT and OT Cybersecurity Solutions

1. Objectives:
   
   
   
   • IT: Protect data.
     
     
   • OT: Protect the availability of processes.
     
     
2. Uptime:
   
   
   
   • IT: Can tolerate some planned downtime.
     
     
   • OT: It must be kept operational 24/7, with no room for error.
     
     
3. Technologies and protocols:
   
   
   
   • IT: Protocols such as HTTP, SMTP, FTP, etc.
     
     
   • OT: Industrial protocols such as Modbus, DNP3 or OPC.
     
     
4. System life cycle:
   
   
   
   • IT: Short renewal cycles.
     
     
   • OT: Teams that remain active for 10, 20 years or more.
     
     
5. Updates and patches:
   
   
   
   • IT: Constant and automated.
     
     
   • OT: Limited, carefully programmed or avoided if they affect the operation.
     
     

IT/OT convergence and its challenges in cybersecurity

In recent years, many organizations have begun to integrate both worlds. This convergence makes it possible to optimize operations, analyze data in real time and make smarter decisions. However, it also opens up new attack surfaces and requires cybersecurity strategies that understand both realities.

The key is to have a unified approach that respects the nature of each environment. This involves network segmentation, continuous monitoring, real-time threat detection, identity and access management, and ongoing training for staff.

IT and OT don't speak the same language, but they must work together to ensure the comprehensive security of an organization. Choosing specialized cybersecurity solutions for each environment, and that can interoperate, is essential in an increasingly connected world. Understanding these differences not only helps reduce risks, but it also allows us to build more resilient and future-ready systems.

Are you comprehensively protecting your operation? At Apollocom, we understand the complexities of IT and OT environments. We design cybersecurity strategies adapted to each system, without compromising continuity or security. If you want to assess the state of your infrastructure or are considering a more robust solution, let's talk today and strengthen your operation for the future. Visit us at apollocom.com.mx or contact us directly.

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Infographic

IT or OT? Protect what matters with the right cybersecurity

Key Cybersecurity Differences

Objective:

• IT: Protect data.
• OT: Guarantee the operation.
  
  

Downtime:

• IT: It can be tolerated.
• OT: It's not an option!
  
  

Technologies:

• IT: Protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP.
• OT: Industrial protocols such as Modbus, DNP3, OPC.
  
  

Updates:

• IT: Frequent and automatic.
• OT: Scheduled or avoided if they affect processes.
  
  

Life cycle:

• IT: Constant renewal.
• OT: Long-life equipment.
  
  

What about IT/OT convergence?

- Integrate data and processes.
- It increases cyber risks.
- Requires specialized protection.

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